Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus

What is infectious laryngotracheitis virus?

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus is a contagious respiratory disease that is characterized by gasping, neck extension (in an effort to improve breathing), and conjunctivitis (inflammation of the membrane around the eye). The disease is caused by a herpesvirus that usually kills 10-20% of infected birds, although in some cases, mortality can run as high as 70%.

Which birds does infectious laryngotracheitis virus affect?

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus primarily affects chickens. Peafowl and pheasants may also be susceptible. Other bird species do not show signs of disease but could potentially serve as carriers. Humans are not susceptible to infectious laryngotracheitis virus.

What are the symptoms of infectious laryngotracheitis virus?

  • A mild drop in egg production
  • An increase in mortality
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Coughing, snicking or sneezing
  • Watery eyes
  • Swollen sinuses
  • Nasal discharge
  • Blood-tinged mucus coming from the mouth
  • Lesions in the mouth or throat

How do I prevent my flock from getting infectious laryngotracheitis virus?

Practice basic biosecurity measures recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Defend the Flock Program:

  • Keep your distance: Isolate your birds from visitors and other birds.
  • Keep it clean: Prevent germs from spreading by cleaning shoes, tools, and equipment.
  • Don’t haul disease home: Clean vehicles and cages that have left your property.
  • Don’t borrow disease from your neighbor: Avoid sharing tools and equipment with neighbors who have birds.
  • Know the warning signs of infectious bird diseases: Watch for early signs to prevent the spread of disease.
  • Report sick birds: Report unusual signs of disease or unexpected deaths.

Is there a treatment for my flock if it does contract infectious laryngotracheitis virus?

Unfortunately, antibiotics have no effect on viruses. There is a vaccine available but the vaccine should only be used under the supervision of a veterinarian. Live-virus vaccines can result in the spread of vaccine-strain virus through backyard flocks, with significant impacts, including respiratory disease and mortality. If your flock becomes infected with infectious laryngotracheitis virus, you may consider culling your flock, as the disease cannot be treated and birds can shed the virus for long periods of time. You should also completely clean and disinfect the area and allow it to sit fallow for several months. If this is not feasible, you can also self-quarantine your flock, not moving birds off your premises for several months until diagnostic testing shows the birds stop shedding the virus.